Online Courses With Certificates

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How to Know if Someone Is Lying

Body Language, Expressions, and Other Signs of Lying.Some types of lying (like telling someone you like their outfit or love their new haircut) can be an important social skill. They help us maintain harmony and foster more positive interpersonal relationships. Other lies can be much more destructive and take a serious toll on mental health and well-being. Keep reading to learn more about some of the tactics that might help you tell when someone is lying, and why lying is often so hard to recognize.Research suggests that about half of all lies were told by just 5% of all the subjects. The study suggests that, although prevalence rates vary, a small group of prolific liars likely exists.1 The reality is that most people probably lie from time to time. Some of these lies are "little white lies" intended to protect someone else’s feelings (“No, that shirt does not make you look bad!”). In other cases, these lies can be much more serious (like lying on a resume) or even sinister (covering up a crime). Nzayisenga

Umukandida wa FPR yakomereje ibikorwa byo kwiyamamaza mu karere ka gakenke

Ikaze kuri Site ya Nyarutovu mu Karere ka Gakenke aho Umuryango FPR Inkotanyi wakomereje ibikorwa byo kwamamaza Chairman akaba n’umukandida wawo, Paul Kagame, mu matora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu yo ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2024. Kuri uyu wa Kane, tariki ya 11 Nyakanga 2024, Paul Kagame ari kuri Site ya Nyarutovu ahahuriye abaturage benshi baturutse mu Karere ka Gakenke n’ibice bituranye na ko nka Rulindo, Musanze, Gicumbi na Burera. Ni umunsi wa 13 wo kwiyamamaza k’Umukandida wa FPR Inkotanyi kuva tariki ya 22 Kamena. Utundi turere yagezemo ni Musanze, Rubavu, Ngororero, Muhanga, Nyarugenge, Huye, Nyamagabe, Rusizi, Nyamasheke, Karongi, Kirehe, Bugesera, Nyagatare, Kayonza na Gicumbi. IGIHE iri kuri Site ya Nyarutovu, mu Murenge wa Nemba, kugira ngo ikugezeho uko ibikorwa byose bigenda. UKO IBIKORWA BYO KWAMAMAZA PAUL KAGAME MU GAKENKE BIRI KUGENDA: 12:50 Perezida Kagame atangiye ijambo rye aririmba ati “Banya-Gakenke muri hehe?” Abanyamuryango bamwakira bavuga bati "Turi Hano, Turi Hano".. Ndishimye cyane kuba tubonye umwanya wo guhururira hano twibukiranye aho tuva, aho tugeze n’aho tujya, imbere yacu hari FPR n’ibitekerezo n’ibikorwa byayo. Icyatuzanye ni igikorwa tuzakora tariki 15 [Nyakanga] mu minsi mike iri imbere. Ni ugutora, gutora ni uguhitamo ku ‘Gipfunsi, kuri FPR’. Icyo bivuze usubije amaso inyuma mu mateka yacu ukareba aho tuvuye, unasubije amaso inyuma ukareba urugendo tumaze kugenda, uko gutora ubundi biba bikwiriye koroha ariko abantu ni abantu, politiki ni politiki. Hagati aho hari n’ibikorwa, ibyo abantu bifuza gukora no kugeraho ni byo bituma abantu bamenya uko bahitamo. Amateka yacu wibanze ku byo tumaze kunyuramo n’ibyo dusize inyuma, byagutesha umutwe. Ibyiza ibyo byashize tubivanamo isomo, tukareba imbere aho tujya. N’ibyiza byavuzwe bimaze kugerwaho, ibyiza kurusha inshuro nyinshi biri imbere aho tujya. Impamvu, icyo gihango ni cyo twubakiraho. Indi mpamvu, ubushobozi bwariyongereye muri twe. Ubumenyi bwariyongereye ndetse n’umubare w’Abanyarwanda wariyongereye. Abazatora ni miliyoni zisaga umunani. Izo miliyoni, ni abantu. Ni twebwe dufite icyo twize mu mateka yacu, twahisemo kwiyubaka no kongera kubaka igihugu cyacu, cyasenywe na politiki mbi, abayobozi babi. Mumaze kwiyubakamo abayobozi bazima ku nzego zitandukanye, tugomba gukora ibishoboka kugira ngo u Rwanda rukomeze rutere imbere. Ibyo ntabwo igikorwa cyo ku itariki 15 cyaba aricyo kitubera imbogamizi, ahubwo kwa gutera igikumwe icyo bivuze, ni ukuvuga ngo turakomeye, turiteguye, twiteguye gutora neza no gukora ibikorwa biduteza imbere. Iyo mihanda, ayo mavuriro, ayo mashuri, ayo mashanyarazi, ya kawa, cya cyayi n’ubundi ni byo bitubereye kubikora, tukabiteza imbere bikaduteza imbere. Ikindi kijyanye na politiki ya FPR muzaba mutora, ni ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda ku buryo mu majyambere nta n’umwe usigara inyuma. Turi Abanyarwanda, nyuma yo kuba Abanyarwanda tukaba n’ibindi twaba dushaka kuba byo. U Rwanda ni bwo ruza imbere, ni bwo bwa bumwe tuvuga. Ibindi, uko dutandukanye nabyo biduha imbaraga zisumbye iyo tubishyize hamwe. Uko dutandukanye birimo imbaraga, iyo bihuye bibamo imbaraga zikubye iz’abandi bantu bagiye hamwe. Politiki nziza ya FPR, ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, Amajyambere twifuza kandi tugenda tugeraho, byose tugomba kugira umutekano ubirinda." 12:29 Mureshyankwano Marie Rose yafashe umwanya wo kuvuga ibigwi umukandida akaba na Chairman wa FPR Inkotanyi Paul Kagame. Yavuze ko yagejeje ku Rwanda ibintu byinshi birimo gukura abaturage mu bwigunge abaha imihanda, yaba iy’imihahirano na Kaburimbo irimo umuhanda wa Base-Gicumbi, harimo n’umuhanda wa Base-Butaro-Kidaho ugeze kuri 40%. Yavuze ko hubatswe ibiraro byo mu kirere bitari byarigeze bibaho mu mateka y’u Rwanda, abaturage ubu babyita ‘drones’. Ati “Mbere bajyaga bajya kwambuka bakagwa mu migezi bagiye kubona babona imigezi arayihuje, ubu bambukira mu kirere ibiraro bakabyita Drones.” Yashimye ko abantu bari batuye mu manegeka bubakiwe imidugudu y’icyitegererezo none ubu babayeho neza, nta muntu ukicwa n’ibiza. Yavuze ko ku mashanyarazi uturere tugize Intara y’Amajyaruguru “Twavuye munsi ya 5% muri ubu tugeze hejuru ya 80%.” Yahamije ko ubworozi muri iyi Ntara bwateye imbere ku buryo abaturage “ntabwo dukeneye za ndagara birirwa baducyurira.” Ati “Abaturage bo mu Murenge wa Mugunga, Rusasa, Muzo, Janja bari bafite ikibazo cyo kugera aho bivuza, iriya misozi yaho haranyereraga abagabo babaga bahetse abarwayi mu ngobyi bakanyerera ariko Paul Kagame aravuga ati oya, abubakira ibitaro bya Gatonde.” Yavuze ko muri Burera hubatswe ibitaro bya Butaro bivura kanseri ku barwayi bo mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, ndetse hongererwa ubushobozi ibitaro bya Ruli, Nemba n’ibindi. Yahamije ko hanatanzwe imbangukiragutabara zikiza abagabo guhetama ibitugu baheka abarwayi babajyanye kwa muganga. Ati “Abagabo na bo bazabatora kuko mwabakuyeho imitwaro yabahetamishaga” Mureshyankwano yavuze ko hari ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi ryateye imbere aho amaraso ahabwa indembe agezwa ku mavuriro yose hifashishijwe utudege tutagira abapilote tuzwi nka ‘drones’. Ati “Hari abirirwa bagura drones zo kwica abaturage babo, hari n’abirirwa bagura indege zo kwica abaturage babo ariko Paul Kagame we yatuguriye Drones zitanga ubuzima, zitwara amaraso ngo abarwayi badahuhuka, drones zica imibu.” Yavuze ko mu burezi abo mu Majyaruguru batakigarukira mu mashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye gusa, kuko hubatswe Kaminuza Mpuzamahanga yigisha iby’Ubuvuzi, Ishuli Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Ruli, INES Ruhengeri, UR Rutongo yigisha ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’izindi. Yasoje avuga ko “Tuzamutora twongere tumutore, abababara bababare, abahekenya amenyo bayahekenye.” 12:24 Nyuma y’ubuhamya bwa Mukamerika Marie Rose wavuze uko FPR Inkotanyi yamuteje imbere binyuze mu miyoborere yayo myiza, irangajwe imbere na Chairman Paul Kagame, Itorero Inkoramutima za Janja riri gususurutsa abari kuri Site ya Nyarutovu mu ndirimbo zivuga ibigwi uyu Muryango n’umukandida wawo. 12:10 Mukamerika Marie Rose wo mu Karere ka Rulindo, Umurenge wa Kinihira yatanze ubuhamya bw’uburyo yikuye mu bukene nyuma yo gushinga urugo mu 2002, agahura n’ubukene bukabije. Ati "Kera umugore yari azwiho gukora imirimo yo mu rugo no kubyara ariko waraje umuha agaciro, ubu bariga bakaminuza." Mukamerika n’umugabo we bari batuye mu manegeka, imvura yagwa bakarara bahagaze ngo isuri itabatwara. Nyuma baje kwigira inama yo kwizigamira amafaranga make binjizaga, babasha kwivana mu manegeka. Ati “Twafashe umwanzuro wo kwiyubakira tudategereje Leta. Njye nasoromaga icyayi amafaranga mbonye nkayizigama n’umugabo biba uko. Tugeze ubwo twigurira ikibanza cya miliyoni 1.5 Frw, ahantu hategerwa n’ibiza ahubwo hagera ibikorwa by’amajyambere.” Nk’abantu baryaga rimwe ku munsi kubera ubukene, bafashe umwanzuro wo gukomeza kwizigamira, bagura isambu batangira guhinga kijyambere kugeza ubwo batangiye kurya bagahaga. Mukamerika n’umugabo we babyaye abana bane, bose bari mu ishuri, batatu mu mashuri yisumbuye naho umwe ari mu mashuri abanza. Ati “Amashuri njye n’umugabo wanjye tutize kubera amateka, nizeye ko abana banjye bazayiga kandi nitunananirwa, muzadufasha nyakubahwa Chairman.” Umuryango wa Mukamerika wakomeje kwiteza imbere, ariko bafata n’umwanzuro wo gutanga umusanzu we mu kubaka igihugu. Kuri ubu ni Mutwarasibo n’umwarimu w’Urugo Mbonezamikurire naho umugabo we ni Umujyanama w’Ubuzima. Yasabye abatuye Amajyaruguru n’abandi bose mu gihugu, kuzatora neza batora Paul Kagame, umukandida wa FPR INKOTANYI. 12:03 Nyuma y’uko Paul Kagame amaze gusuhuza abitabiriye ibi bikorwa byo kumwamamaza mu Gakenke, haririmbwe indirimbo y’Umuryango FPR Inkotanyi. Paul Kagame yageze mu Gakenke 11:53 Umukandida wa FPR Inkotanyi yageze kuri Site ya Nyarutovu mu Murenge wa Nemba aho agiye gukomereza ibikorwa byo kwiyamamaza ku mwanya w’Umukuru w’Igihugu. Ni umunsi we wa nyuma wo kwiyamamaza mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru yatangiriyemo ibi bikorwa ku wa 22 Kamena i Musanze. Akandi karere yagezemo ni aka Gicumbi ku wa 9 Nyakanga akaba ari na ko yaherukagamo ku wa Kabiri. – Bashima Paul Kagame wahaye u Rwanda umutekano Ndahimana Théoneste waturutse mu Karere ka Rulindo, kuri Base, yabwiye IGIHE ko yahisemo gushyigikira Paul Kagame kubera umutekano uri mu gihugu, utuma abantu bose bashobora gukora imirimo yabo batuje. Ati “Yadukuye mu bupfubyi, abari imfubyi ubu twabonye ababyeyi, intambara zari ziriho zavuyeho, umutekano ni mwinshi mu Karere ka Rulindo na Gakenke, murabona ukuntu tungana aha, ibi byose ni ibigaragaza ko hari umutekano.” Uyu musore asaba ko hakomezwa kubakwa inganda nyinshi hirya no hino mu gihugu ku buryo urubyiruko rwose rubona akazi. 11:44 Abari kuri Site ya Nyarutovu bakomeje gucinya akadiho babifashijwemo n’indirimbo zitandukanye mu gihe bategereje kwakira umukandida wa FPR Inkotanyi, Paul Kagame. Itangishatse yahaye ubutumwa RDC ivuga ko u Rwanda nta mabuye y’agaciro rugira 11:00 Itangishatse Sylidio wo muri koperative ikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri Gakenke, COMIKAGI, yashimye uburyo Leta iyobowe na FPR INKOTANYI yabafashije kuva mu bucukuzi bwa gakondo, bakagera mu bucukuzi bugezweho. Ati “Twabonye amahugurwa, ubu turacukura bya kinyamwuga. Byose tubikesha FPR INKOTANYI. Tubikesha ubumwe, demokarasi n’Amajyambere. Byatumye tuva kuri toni eshanu twabonaga mu 2009, uyu munsi tugeze kuri toni 18 y’imvange ya Coltan na Gasegereti. Twagize amahirwe yo kubona imashini zivangura umusaruro, tubikesha FPR yatumye tuvana imashini mu mahanga tukazinjiza nta musoro.” Yakomeje agira ati “Uwo musaruro tumaze kubona, tubonamo Coltan ya toni umunani na gasegereti ya toni 10. Ba baturanyi bacu birirwa basakuza bavuga ko u Rwanda nta mabuye y’agaciro rugira, turabasaba kuza aha muri Gakenke bakirebera.” Iyo Koperative yavuye ku bakozi 104, ubu bageze ku bakozi 1540. Bari guteganya gushora imari mu mafaranga bamaze kwinjiza, bakubaka isoko rigezweho muri Gakenke rya miliyoni 280 Frw. Ab’i Burera bazindukiye mu Gakenke bagiye gushimira Paul Kagame wabahaye byose Tuyisingize Elizabeth wo mu Mudugudu wa Songorero, mu Kagari ka Kivumu mu Murenge wa Nemba wo mu Karere ka Burera, yabwiye IGIHE ko mu byatumye bajya mu Karere ka Gakenke gushyigikira Paul Kagame harimo kuba abagore bafite umutekano n’amazi yageze mu ngo zabo. Ati “Naje kumwamamaza nk’umukandida nkunda, nk’umudamu ibyo yangejejeho ni byinshi, abana banjye baranywa amata nta kibazo, mbese muri rusange ibikorwa ni byinshi kuko mfite n’amazi mu rugo ijerekani y’amazi ntikingera ku mutwe kandi no mu nzego z’abagore ndahagarariwe.” Uyu mubyeyi avuga ko mu bikorwaremezo, mu Nntara y’Amajyaruguru bahawe byinshi bituma batera imbere haba mu burezi, mu buzima n’ibindi. Ati “Amashuri arahari abana bacu bariga, imihanda ya kaburimbo twarayibonye ntitukigenda dusimbagurika. Mu Karere ka Gakenke hari umuhanda uhana urubibi na Burera, dufite iminara ihuzanzira ryarafungutse ubundi ntitwavugaga kuri telefone, iryo terambere yatugejejeho ni ibyiza turi kwishimira n’ibindi bizaza.” Tuyisingize yavuze ko bazakomeza gutora Paul Kagame kugira ngo azakomeze abageze ku iterambere n’umutekano. Ati “Turashaka ngo akomeze adusigasirire umutekano w’abadamu mu ngo zacu kugira ngo rya hohoterwa ryahozeho ritazagaruka na rimwe mu Karere kacu ka Burera ariko no mu gihugu muri rusange. Ubwo butwari azabuhorane nanjye n’umuryango wanjye turahari tumuri inyuma rwose.” Uyu mubyeyi avuga ko afata Paul Kagame nk’umubyeyi we wamugiriye ku gise kuko “yanteje imbere, aransigasiye ndareba hirya nkareba hino nkabona ntacyo mbaye ndakomeye.” Ba Rwiyemezamirimo barashima Tuyitegereze François ni rwiyemezamirimo ufite sosiyete GFANKUS Ltd y’ubwubatsi, by’umwihariko ibikorwaremezo bya siporo. Ni imwe muri sosiyete zubatse ibikorwaremezo ubwo havugururwaga ikibuga cya Golf Nyarutarama no mu nkengero zacyo ndetse n’agace gakorerwamo siporo y’amaguru ku Kimihurura. Tuyitegereze yavuze ko yiyemeje kwamamaza Paul Kagame mu duce yagiyemo twose kuko ibyo yagejeje ku Rwanda, bitanga icyizere gisesuye ko azakora ibirenzeho niyongera gutorerwa kuyobora u Rwanda. Ati “Twaje gushyigikira umukandida wacu kuko twishimira ibyo twagezeho turi kumwe. Icyo twifuza kuri Chairman wacu, ni ugukomeza mu munyenga w’iterambera yatangiye”. 11:02 Ubwo abahanzi basusurutsaga abari kuri Site ya Nyarutovu 10:51 Alyn Sano na Ndandambara bajyanye ku rubyiniro. Abahanzi bombi bahereye kuri “FPR Oye” mbere yo kuririmba izindi zabo. INES Ruhengeri yaserutse byihariye Abanyeshuri b’Ishuri rikuru rya INES Ruhengeri baserutse byihariye aho bageze kuri Site ya Nyarutovu bacinya akadiho. Ni bamwe mu bavuye mu Karere ka Musanze bitabiriye ibikorwa byo kwamamaza Paul Kagame, umukandida wa FPR Inkotanyi. 10:29 Riderman na we yageze ku rubyiniro. Umuhanzi Gatsinzi Emery ‘Riderman’ yahise asanga Ariel Wayz ku rubyiniro, bafatanya kuririmba “Depanage”. Wayz yahise agenda, Riderman akurikizaho “Simbuka” n’izindi zitandukanye. 10:18 Ariel Wayz yaririmbanye na Kivumbi King. Abahanzi bombi baririmbye “Tumotore Niwe” ivuga ko Paul Kagame ari we ukwiriye Abanyarwanda. Wayz yakurikiyeho “Away” mbere y’uko Kivumbi aririmba “Icyampa Amahirwe” na “Kumena amaso”. 10:10 Danny Vumbi ni we ugezweho ndetse yinjiriye muri “Afande”, indirimbo ye isaba Abanyarwanda gutora Kagame kuko ari inyungu z’u Rwanda. Yakurikijeho “Ni Danger” yishimiwe n’abiganjemo urubyiruko ruri kuri Site ya Nyarutovu. 10:05 Dr Claude yahamagawe ku rubyiniro aririmba Contre succès yahinduye, ubu ikaba ivuga ibigwi Paul Kagame. 09:58 Abahanzi batangiye gususurutsa abari kuri Site ya Nyarutovu. Umuhanzi Eric wo muri Gakenke ni we ubanje ku rubyiniro mu ndirimbo "Tora Kagame" ivuga ibigwi umukandida wa FPR Inkotanyi. Abagore b’i Gakenke bavuze ko batangiye ibirori by’ubukwe bwa Paul Kagame Mukamurangira Véronique waturutse mu Kagari ka Buranga, mu Murenge wa Nemba wo mu Karere ka Gakenke, yabwiye IGIHE ko kuba bagiye gushyigikira umukandida akaba na Chairman wa FPR-Inkotanyi, Paul Kagame, babifashe nk’ubukwe. Ati “Uyu munsi nishimiye kuza mu birori byo kwamamaza umukandida wacu kubera ibyiza yatugejejeho, yahaye abagore ijambo, abana bacu barize, mbese ibintu ni byinshi. Yaduhaye amata turanywa, ibintu byaraturenze.” “Uyu munsi turanezerewe rero muri ubu bukwe bwe, tukaba twishimiye gukomeza kumutora kugira ngo dukomeze gusigasira ibyo yaduhaye byagezweho n’ibindi byose biri imbere aduteganyiriza.” Uyu mubyeyi avuga ko mu bihe biri imbere bifuza ko bazubakirwa kaminuza kuko ari cyo kintu badafite. Mukamurangira yavuze ko “Paul Kagame ni umuyobozi mwiza yankuye ahantu hakomeye, aho angejeje ni heza ntacyo namuburanye.” 09:36 Andi mafoto y’abari kugera kuri Site ya Nyarutovu. Mu Gakenke bishimiye ko amashuri yabegereye Nyirandikubwimana Claudine waturutse mu Murenge wa Muhondo, yabwiye IGIHE ko bazakomeza gutora Paul Kagame igihe cyose azaba yiyamamaje kuko hari ibikorwa byinshi yabagejejeho. Ati “Turamukunda cyane, yatugejeje kuri byinshi kandi ibyo yatugejejeho turagira ngo akomeze abisigasire, twabonye amashuri ariko yatwemereye ko azajya agenda ayongera kugira ngo abana bacu babone aho bigira.” Uyu mukobwa w’imyaka 29 yavuze ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere yifuza ko ibice byose by’Akarere ka Gakenke byaba byaragejejejwemo ibikorwaremezo byose nk’amazi n’amashanyarazi. Ati “Hari ahantu hatari hagera umuriro w’amashanyarazi nka Rwinkuba, hari ahantu hari ibyumba by’amashuri bikeya kugira ngo bazabyubake byiyongere.” 08:40 Abantu benshi mu ngeri zitandukanye, bakomeje kugera kuri Site ya Nyarutovu. Minisitiri w’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu, Dr Bizimana Jean Damascène (iburyo) ni umwe mu bamaze kugera kuri Site ya Nyarutovu Bamwe mu banyamakuru bakurikirana ibikorwa byo kwamamaza umukandida wa FPR Inkotanyi ku mwanya w'Umukuru w'Igihugu Munyakazi Sadate wabaye Perezida wa Rayon Sports, n'umugore we, bitabira ibikorwa byo kwamamaza Paul Kagame mu bice bitandukanye Aba bitwaje inyuguti zigaragaza FPR Inkotanyi n'umukandida wayo Paul Kagame Urubyiruko rw’i Rulindo rwazindukiye i Gakenke kwereka Paul Kagame urukundo rumufitiye Uwizerwa Janvier waturutse mu Murenge wa Rusiga, Akagari ka Gako mu Mudugudu wa Rwintare, yabwiye IGIHE ko icyatumye azinduka iya rubika ajya gushyigikira Paul Kagame mu Karere ka Gakenke ari ukugira ngo bamwereke urukundo nk’Abanyarwanda kubera ibyo yakoze mu bihe byashize. Ati “Yubatse imihanda, amashuri atandukanye, yubatse amastade, twese tuzi Stade Amahoro ejobundi twatashye, amazi yageze ahantu henshi hatandukanye n’amashanyarazi, urumva yakoze byinshi iwacu.” Uyu musore w’imyaka 22 yavuze ko bifuza ko ibyakozwe bikomeza kwiyongera kuko hari ahantu bitari byagera 100% ari na yo mpamvu biteguye kumutora kuko bafite icyizere ko azabibagezaho. 08:21 Binyuze mu ndirimbo z’abahanzi batandukanye zijyanye n’ibi bikorwa byo kwamamamaza, abo mu Gakenke bakomeje gucinya akadiho banahangana n’ubukonje bwaharamukiye. Ibyagezweho mu Karere ka Gakenke mu myaka irindwi ishize Mu myaka irindwi ishize, Akarere ka Gakenke kakozwemo ibikorwa bitandukanye bigamije iterambere ry’abagatuye aho mu rwego rw’ibikorwaremezo hubatswe imihanda ifite uburebure bwa kilometero zirenga 40. Hubatswe ikiraro cyo mu kirere (Foot bridges) cya Gahira gihuza Akarere ka Gakenke n’aka Muhanga ku Mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Mu rwego rw’ingufu hakozwe ku mushinga wa leta wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu gihugu (GoR In-house electrification project), ibyatumye amashanyarazi agezwa mu Mirenge ya Mubuga, Karambo, Gashenyi, Rushashi, Minazi, Muyongwe, Coko, Ruli na Muhondo no muri centres za Rusoro na Kagoma. Ingo zahawe amashanyarazi zikubye inshuro eshanu ziva ku ngo 16.788 mu 2017 zigera ku 84.207 mu 2023. Mu bijyanye n’amazi, hubatswe imiyoboro y’amazi itandukanye irimo Umuyoboro wa Rwisoko ufite kilometero 16, uwa Kanyansyo- Mutanda ufite kilometero 6,7 uwa Rwagihanga ufite km 6,75 umuyoboro wa Kamubuga- Sereri; icyiciro cya mbere, ufite km 16,4 n’uwa Kamubuga- Sereri icyiciro cya kabiri, ufite km 40,6. Hubatswe kandi umuyoboro w’amazi wa Gapfirira ufite km 33,5, uwa Nyagahondo-Gasure- Kirarama-Kirambo ufite km 17, uwa Kabakondo- Nyirabuyugi-Gisozi-Mucaca ufite km 6,5 n’umuyoboro w’amazi wa Ruganzu- Nyabitare ufite km 9,47. Nta wakwirengagiza umuyoboro wa Mutanda-Nyundo ufite km 17, uwa Kivuruga- Kanyansyo-Rukore ufite km 40.7, umuyoboro w’amazi wa Rwagihanga- Kabaya-Buheta ufite km 52, uwa Nyagatsinda ufite km 7,2. Hari kandi umuyoboro w’amazi wa Coko-Ruli wa km 67 n’uwa Nyarubira ufite km 52.2. Umuyoboro w’amazi wa Nyirantarengwa wa kilometero 18 na wo warubatswe kimwe n’uwa Byerwa mu Murenge wa Ruli ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 7,5. Mu bijyanye n’imiturire hubatswe imidugudu ibiri y’icyitegerezo ari yo Nyundo na Mwanza, igikorwa cyatumye imiryango 64 ituzwa mu midugudu y’icyitegererezo ndetse indi igera ku 3070 igakurwa mu manegeka igatuzwa neza ndetse ubu Umudugudu wa Kagano na wo watangiye kubakwa ahateganyijwe kubakwa inzu z’imiryango 354. Mu guteza imbere uburezi, hubatswe ibyumba by’amashuri 736 ndetse hubakwa amashuri ya ’Etage’ kuri EP Mbuga mu Murenge wa Nemba no kuri GS Congoli mu Murenge wa Ruli. Hubatswe kandi amashuri 14 ya TVET Wings anashyirwamo ibikoresho, hanubakwa Kaminuza y’Ubuvuzi iherereye i Ruli. Uretse iyi Kaminuza y’Ubuvuzi yubatswe, mu rwego rw’ubuzima muri aka Karere hanubatswe Ibitaro bigezweho bya Gatonde ku ngengo y’imari irenga miliyari 2,2 Frw. Ibitaro bya Gatonde ni kimwe mu bikorwa Chairman Paul Kagame yari yemereye abaturage. Hubatswe inzu eshanu z’ababyeyi mu bigo nderabuzima bya Muyongwe, Gatonde, Rutake, Kamubuga na Nyange. Hubatswe kandi Poste de Santé 66 zifasha abaturage kwivuriza hafi bitabasabye gukora ingendo ndende. Urwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ntirwasigaye inyuma kuko hakozwe ku mushinga wo guteza imbere ubworozi bw’amatungo magufi n’ibiyakomokaho (PRISM), wagendeyeho ingengo y’imari ingana na 350.232.203 Frw. Muri uyu mushinga hatanzwe inkoko 10.050 ku miryango 1005, ingurube 314 ku miryango 265, ihene 330 ku miryango 165 n’intama 158 ku miryango 79. Hubatswe kandi ibikorwaremezo byo kwita ku matungo magufi birimo isoko rimwe ry’amatungo magufi, ivuriro rimwe rito ry’amatungo n’ibagiro ry’ingurube. Nk’iwabo w’ikawa y’umwimerere, kugeza ubu muri Gakenke hubatsemo inganda 15 zitunganya ikawa ku buryo kaza mu turere dutanu twa mbere mu gihugu dutunganya ikawa nyinshi. Mu Murenge wa Ruli, hubatswe uruganda rutunganya ikawa rwa Dukunde Kawa. Uru ni rumwe mu zikomeye mu gihugu kubera ko ruri mu zitunganya ikawa mu byiciro bigera kuri bitatu. Mu by’imiyoborere myiza, hubatswe Ibiro bishya by’Akarere kuko mbere serivisi zatangirwaga ahantu hameze nabi. Ubu serivisi zifashisha ikoranabuhanga zariyongereye ku buryo bitakiri ngombwa ko umuturage asiragira ajya gushaka serivisi kure. Akarere ka Gakenke kubatse ibiro bishya byoroshya imitangire ya serivisi Ibitaro bya Ruli byaravuguruwe Aya masoko mato afasha abaturage kugurisha umusaruro wabo utangiritse Abaturage bishimiye ibiraro byo mu kirere bubakiwe ahanyura imigezi I Ruli hari ishuri rikuru rifasha mu gutanga ubumenyi Udukiriro twafashije mu guhanga imirimo cyane cyane ku rubyiruko i Gakenke Ibiraro byubatswe byateje imbere ubuhahirane Udukuriro twubatswe twatinyuye abaturage, dutuma bakora ku ifaranga Hubatswe imihanda itandukanye y'imigenderano yatumye kugeza umusaruro ku masoko byoroha 07:25 Akanyamuneza ni kose ku Banya-Gakenke. Abaturage bakomeje gucinya akadiho muri aya masaha ya mu gitondo, mu gihe hari n’abandi benshi bakigera kuri iyi Site ya Nyarutovu. 06:55 Amagambo yamamaza FPR na Paul Kagame yanditswe mu misozi. Mu ndiba y’Umusozi ya Kamatete handitswe amagambo "FPR Oye Oye" mu gihe ku Rutare rw’Intashya handitswe "Tora PK 100%". Ni imisozi yombi iri hejuru ya Site ya Nyarutovu aho Paul Kagame, umukandida wa FPR Inkotanyi yiyamamariza. Ni mu gihe kuri iyi Site, hagati y’aho abantu bicara, hanyuzemo umugezi. 06:00 Uko byifashe kuri Site ya Nyarutovu: Abantu benshi bamaze kugera kuri iyi Site iri mu Murenge wa Nemba. Harakonje ariko ntawe ushaka kubyumva, morale ni yose. Bazindutse iya rubika bagiye gushyigikira Paul Kagame wababereye umubyeyi Nyiraguhirwa Florence wo mu Murenge wa Muhondo mu Karere ka Gakenke, yabwiye IGIHE ko saa Saba n’Igice yari mu nzira ajya gushyigikira Paul Kagame kubera ibikorwa byiza yabagejejeho. Ati “Dufite ishyaka n’umwete byo kuza gushyigikira umukandida wacu Paul Kagame, bitewe n’ibikorwa byinshi yatugejejeho. Twageze ku iterambere ryinshi adushyigikiye. Hari benshi yahaye inka, hari abafite nkunganire, abana mu mirire mibi yarabazamuye, nanjye rero ku giti cyanjye naje kumwamamaza kugira ngo akomeze asigasire ibyiza yatugejejeho kuko ni umubyeyi, mbese ni papa wacu.” Uyu mugore yavuze ko biteguye kumutora kugira ngo akomeze ayobore u Rwanda, ariko bakifuza ko yazabagezaho umuhanda wa kaburimbo unyura Muhondo-Rushashi-Ruli-Gakenke. Ati “Turagira ngo rero tumutore akomeze ibyo bikorwa.” Bike ukwiriye kumenya ku Karere ka Gakenke Akarere ka Gakenke ni kamwe muri dutanu tugize Intara y’Amajyaruguru, kakaba ku buso bwa km² 703,66. Gatuwe n’abaturage 365.292 ku bucucike bw’abagera kuri 520 kuri buri km² imwe. Aka Karere gafite Imirenge 19, utugari 97 n’imidugudu 617, kakaba iwabo w’Ikawa na Gasegereti. Abatuye Akarere ka Gakenke biganjemo ab’igitsinagore kuko bangana na 52,8%. Ku wa 31 Nyakanga 2017 ni bwo Chairman Paul Kagame wari watanzwe n’Umuryango wa FPR Inkotanyi nk’umukandida ku mwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika, yaherukaga i Gakenke mu bikorwa byo kwiyamamaza. Icyo gihe yabwiye Abanya-Gakenke ko mu bikorwa byo kwiyamamaza n’iby’amatora FPR Inkotanyi itabeshya ko ahubwo ivuga ibintu uko biri. Yashimangiye ko ibyavuzwe byagezweho muri ako karere ari ukuri nta kubeshya kurimo, anabizeza ko ibyo basezeranyijwe bizakorwa bigamije iterambere ry’akarere n’abagatuye muri rusange na byo ari byo, atari amareshyamugeni yo gushaka amajwi. Abanya-Gakenke bazindutse cyane bagana kuri Site yo kwiyamamarizaho Bamwe mu batuye Akarere ka Gakenke n’abaturanyi babo barimo abo muri Rulindo, bazindutse cyane bagana kuri Site ya Nyarutovu aho Umukandida wa FPR Inkotanyi, Paul Kagame yiyamamariza. Abaturage bazindutse cyane kugira ngo bagere kuri Site ya Nyarutovu hakiri kare Abo mu Gakenke bavuga ko biteguye kwitura Paul Kagame wabagejeje kuri byinshi Ahantu henshi mu Karere ka Gakenke harimbishijwe ibirango bya FPR Inkotanyi mu kwamamaza Paul Kagame Amafoto ya IGIHE: Kwizera Remy Moses

job position

Job Positions at Development Bank of Rwanda (BRD): (Deadline 19 July 2024) Date: July 08, 2024in: JobLeave a comment4,044 Views share 0 0 2 Job Positions at Development Bank of Rwanda (BRD): (Deadline 19 July 2024) 2 Job Positions at Development Bank of Rwanda ( BRD): (Deadline 19 July 2024) Information Security Analyst at Development Bank of Rwanda ( BRD): (Deadline 19 July 2024) Vacancy Announcement The Development Bank of Rwanda (BRD) Plc is Rwanda’s only National Development Bank mandated to support Rwanda’s Vision 2050 development agenda. Over the past five years, the bank has registered exponential growth contributing to socio-economic development, strengthening institutional and human capacity, fostering corporate governance and risk management practices. The Bank is implementing the revised strategic plan for 2024-2028 which is appropriately aligned to the country’s strategic direction enabling the Bank to unlock better value creation for its stakeholders by supporting entrepreneurs, addressing market failures, and impactful socioeconomic development. To deliver on its bold vision and impactful objectives, the Bank’s expanded and refocused mandate is underpinned on four strategic focus areas: Availing transformational finance. Increasing green financing for a resilient future. Driving scale and impact. Fostering innovation and technology. To achieve its strategic mandate, BRD recognizes the importance of strengthening its human and institutional capital to drive sustainable development, and ensure the Bank remains a center of excellence in the financial sector. BRD is committed to respecting gender equality and disability norms. We promote gender responsive practices. Qualified candidates particularly females and persons living with disabilities are encouraged to apply. To help accomplish this ambitious and exciting vision, the Development Bank of Rwanda (BRD) would like to recruit suitable qualified candidates to fill the following position: INFORMATION SECURITY ANALYST (1) Background Information Job Title: Information Security Analyst Job Grade: 6 Department: CEO’s Office Reports to: Senior Manager Information Security and Risk Contract Terms: Open-ended Purpose of the Job: The Information Security Analyst Job function will more into performing penetration tests, manual and automated vulnerability assessment scans on applications and IT infrastructure, risk assessments and code reviews. S/he will also be responsible for implementing remediation of the identified vulnerabilities in applications and supporting infrastructure. will conduct research on threats and attack vectors that impact web applications, bank’s IT infrastructure and mobile applications. Key Responsibilities: Provide security guidance to the application development team on various areas including secure coding techniques, process and tools, security testing support and release. Drive and perform application security training, requirements & standards, static & dynamic security testing Lead the application security design reviews for new applications to be developed and services. Providing DevOps security solution integration with various security test tools Conduct effective vulnerability management through VAPTs for all bank’s applications whether newly acquired and existing to ensure vulnerabilities are timely detected and managed. Perform source-code reviews and threat modelling the SDLC of the applications Assessing application security solutions proof of value through conducting proof of concept Participate in the architecture of mobile and web applications including interface and database design, process and API flows, networking, cloud infrastructure, protocol communication, security and appropriate technology use. Support the operationalization of the Security Operation Center (SOC) and implementation of ISO 27001:2022 ISMS Simulating an attack on the system and IT infrastructure to find exploitable weaknesses Establish and manage relations with vendors and related equipment suppliers Develop and communicate the Security Service catalogue Administer network and system monitoring tools and report attempted attacks to inform recommendations on further mitigation measures Perform detailed analysis of incidents and implement recommended mitigation Conduct monitoring controls on the Applications and Databases to ensure access management is based on the least privilege principle. Perform security reviews for access management of core banking and applications hosted on cloud Develop and review policies and procedures for applications/software development Performance Indicators Advanced knowledge in using VAPT tools like Kali Linux tools and other Web Vulnerability and security scanning tools Experience working with Web Applications, Web Services, and Service Oriented Architectures Experience with multiple programming languages (such as, Java, C++, Ruby, Python, Perl, etc.) Familiarity with the OWASP framework and application security best practices Strong understanding of SDLC principles. Strong analytical, documentation, and interpersonal skills Knowledge of encryption technologies (web, database, and file). Knowledge of identity and access management and its application in an enterprise Understanding of information security risks in financial services. Professional, academic qualifications and experience Bachelor’s degree in computer science, computer engineering, information systems or any other relevant degree. Master’s degree in information security field is an added value Information security certifications is an added advantage like ISO Lead Implementer, Lead Auditor, CEH or any other related professional recognized certifications At least 1 years of experience in conducting VAPT Other Competencies Good communication & analytical skills Good time management & team player High level of ownership of the assignments Flexible to work under changing environment Application Guidelines: Interested candidate should apply online (https://www.brd.rw/careers/) and upload application documents including Curriculum Vitae, copies of degree certificates and professional certificates, motivation letter, names of three previous supervisors (as one document) as well as their emails and telephone. Please be informed that you will receive a notification pop up message after successfully uploading your application. Only online applications shall be considered. Email only for inquiries (not application): recruitment@brd.rw Address all applications to the Head, Human Capital, and Corporate Services of the Development Bank of Rwanda. Deadline for application: 19th July 2024 The employment package is highly competitive/attractive. Due to expected high volume of applications, ONLY shortlisted applicants will be contacted. Done in Kigali, Friday 5th July 2024 CLICK HERE TO MORE AND APPLY Export Credit Guarantee Facility Senior Manager at Development Bank of Rwanda ( BRD): (Deadline 19 July 2024) Vacancy Announcement The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany supported the Government of Rwanda by providing a EUR 14.108 million grant for the establishment, capitalization, and operation of a new partial credit guarantee facility (PCG) in Rwanda. The Project will be implemented within the Development Bank of Rwanda ( BRD). The project envisages both growing and exporting MSMEs and is called Export Credit Guarantee Facility (ECGF). The purpose of the Project is to strengthen the private sector and especially MSMEs in order to accelerate economic growth and job creation. The project will furnish the Participating Financial Intermediaries (PFI) with guaranteed products, incentivizing them to provide higher financing volumes and longer tenures to MSMEs, enhancing their access to finance and other financial Services. The Project shall establish a credit guarantee facility developed by and hosted at BRD. The mandate, vision, and mission of BRD will therefore apply to the ECGF. The rationale for this is to enable its quick operationalization in order to start meeting market needs. KfW will provide the initial seed funding of € 14.1 million, through the Government of Rwanda. The facility will collaborate with PFIs, mainly local banks, that extend loans to SMEs. Through the guarantee facility, PFIs shall be enabled to increase their loan portfolio to growing and export-oriented SMEs, who shall invest in new economic activities, expand production capacities and through this create new job opportunities. EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE FACILITY SENIOR MANAGER (1) Background Information Job Title: Export Credit Guarantee Facility Senior Manager Job Grade: 4 Department: Strategy Reports to: Chief Executive Officer Contract Terms: 5 years renewable Purpose of the Job: The Senior Manager will be responsible for coordinating and overseeing the implementation of the Export Credit Guarantee Facility (ECGF) within BRD. This role involves managing all aspects related to the ECGF program, ensuring its effective operation, and supporting exporters in accessing credit guarantees. Key Responsibilities: Develop and implement strategies for the successful execution of the ECGF project. Build up and manage the new team internally set up by BRD which will be responsible for the implementation of the ECGF; this includes a lead role in the internal recruitment and coaching of other ECGF staff. Collaborate with internal teams to integrate ECGF processes into existing operations. Collaborate with the team of the external Implementation Consultant (IC) which will support the build-up and operation of the ECGF (including the drafting and continual review of the ECGF Operations Manual). Lead the acquisition of PFIs and the negotiation of framework agreements with interested PFIs which meet the ECGF’s criteria. Evaluate applications for credit guarantees and make informed decisions on their approval (in accordance with the decision-making rights defined in the ECGF Operations Manual). Monitor and assess the performance of the ECGF identifying areas for improvement. Maintain relationships with stakeholders, including government agencies, the National Bank of Rwanda (with respect to the regulatory treatment of the guarantees issued by the ECGF) and participating financial institutions. Performance Indicators Performance as a Senior Manager coordinating the ECGF implementation will be assessed based on key performance indicators related to program effectiveness, stakeholder satisfaction, risk management, and financial outcomes. Professional, academic qualifications and experience A bachelor’s or master’s degree in finance, economics, business administration, or a related field. Extensive experience in banking, finance, or trade finance, with a focus on credit guarantee programs. In-depth and up-to-date knowledge of the Rwandan banking and (M)SME finance sector including Rwandan banking regulations. Strong knowledge of export financing mechanisms and international trade practices is desirable. Excellent analytical skills and the ability to make sound judgments on credit applications. Effective communication skills to engage with diverse stakeholders. Application Guidelines: Interested candidate should apply online (https://www.brd.rw/careers/) and upload application documents including Curriculum Vitae, copies of degree certificates and professional certificates, motivation letter, names of three previous supervisors (as one document) as well as their emails and telephone. Please be informed that you will receive a notification pop up message after successfully uploading your application. Only online applications shall be considered. Email only for inquiries (not application): recruitment@brd.rw Address all applications to the Head, Human Capital, and Corporate Services of the Development Bank of Rwanda. Deadline for application: 8th July 2024 The employment package is highly competitive/attractive. Due to expected high volume of applications, ONLY shortlisted applicants will be contacted. Done in Kigali, Monday 24th June 2024 CLICK HERE TO MORE AND APPLY WELCOME TO OUR WHATSAPP GROUP share 0 0 Previous : Export Credit Guarantee Facility Senior Manager at Development Bank of Rwanda (BRD): (Deadline 19 July 2024) Next : 3 Job Positions of Driver at Rusizi District: (Deadline 16 July 2024) Related posts Consultant Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Survey Coordinator at World Health Organization: (Deadline 23 July 2024) Consultant Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Survey Coordinator at World Health Organization: (Deadline 23 July 2024) July 11, 2024 Senior Network Administrator at AB Rwanda Plc: (Deadline 26 July 2024) Senior Network Administrator at AB Rwanda Plc: (Deadline 26 July

What does a beast in revelation 17 signify?

Many people around the world wonder what or who is this beast? One of my favorite lines from the Lone Ranger was when people would ask, "Who was that masked man?" In the book of Revelation, chapter 17, we do not have a masked man, but a "masked" beast. Who or what is the beast? Commentators have identified the beast variously as Rome, the Antichrist, evil, successive empires, etc. Most interpretations can be categorized as either a person or an institution. This paper seeks to find an answer to this age-old question. To determine the beast's identity I will exegete important verses in Revelation 13 and 17. In addition I will interact with the various viewpoints offered by the scholars of Revelation. While not the primary purpose of this paper, I will also explore the identity of the woman riding the beast to the extent that this is pertinent to determining the identity of the beast. My conclusion will be based on an interaction with the scholars and with the text itself, insofar as such a conclusion is possible in light of the weighty arguments advanced for both the "person" and "institution" positions. Revelation 17 in the Context of the Book Revelation 17 is broken up into three sections: 1. Introduction to the vision (1-2); 2. The vision (3-6); 3. An interpretation of the vision (7-18). Within the flow of the book the vision of the beast follows on the heels of the seven bowls (15-16). It seems to be an appendix to the seventh bowl, expounding on the destruction of Babylon named in the seventh bowl judgment (16:19), and aforementioned in 14:8. The time of the judgment is at the end of the tribulation period, just before the Lord's return (19:11-21). This is evidenced by the fact that the seven bowl judgments are said to be the final plagues that will complete God's wrath on the earth-dwellers (15:1), the judgment of Babylon taking place in the seventh of these final plagues. A Comparison of Beasts The Dragon The first beast of Rev 13 has the same number of heads and horns as does the dragon in the previous chapter (Revelation 12:3; 13:1). The only difference between the dragon and the beast is the crowns. The dragon has crowns on his heads whereas the beast has crowns on his horns (Revelation 13:1). The beast cannot be the dragon, however, because the dragon is clearly distinguished from the beast. The dragon is said to give the beast his ruling authority (Revelation 13:4). For there to be one who gives ruling authority and one to receive the same requires that the dragon and beast be distinct from one another. The dragon and beast so closely resemble each other (with the same number of heads and horns) because the beast is the "reflection" of the dragon; i.e. everything the beast is and does directly flows from the ability given it by the dragon (Revelation 13:4-5, 7). Because of the satanic power operating behind the beast, the beast directly resembles the dragon, much like a glove directly resembles the hand it covers. Daniel 7 The first beast of Revelation 13 also has the same number of horns as does the beast of Daniel 7, although that beast is not said to have multiple heads (Daniel 7:8). Furthermore, the beast of Revelation 13 displays all the characteristics of Daniel's beasts. It is said to be like a leopard (third beast), have feet like a bear (second beast), and a mouth like a lion (first beast; compare Revelation 13:2 with Daniel 7:4-7). There is a clear affinity between Daniel's fourth beast and the beast of Revelation 13. Revelation 13 First Beast When we get to Revelation 17 we find a beast who is described as scarlet, having seven heads and ten horns. While there is no mention of any crowns on its heads or horns, it seems to be the same beast as that of Revelation 13. The fact that this beast is said to be scarlet, whereas the beast of Revelation 13 is not, does not appear to be of such significance to indicate that two different beasts are in view. Scarlet (kokkinon) is closely associated with red (purros), which is the color of the dragon, and symbolic of evil throughout the book (Revelation 6:4; 12:3; 17:3-4).1 While the context gives us reason to see the dragon and beast as two different characters even though they share the same number of heads and horns, we are not given any literary clues to consider the first beast of Revelation 13 and the beast of Revelation 17 as two different characters. The burden of proof rests on those who wish to make such a distinction. Seeing that the beast of Revelation 13 and 17 is identified as the same beast, an examination of the details of the former will assist in determining the identity of the latter. The beast in Revelation 13 is said to have recovered from a deadly wound causing the world to wonder after him (13:3), received worship (13:4, 8), is unique and invincible (13:4), spoke blasphemies against God (13:5-6), had power over the nations, and had power to make war with the saints (13:7). Each of these are clues to the beast's identity. While the beast's invincibility and power over the nations and saints could indicate that he is symbolic of some sort of political institution, the same cannot be said of speaking blasphemies against God and receiving worship. Institutions do not speak, and it makes little sense to assert that people will worship a political entity. They may worship an individual who represents such an entity, but not an abstract entity itself. There are good arguments on both sides for the nature of the deadly wound one of the beast's heads received and subsequently recovered from. Some, such as Mounce, believe the beast is non-personal, referring to evil spiritual forces. The death-wound and recovery refers to the reestablishment of political order under Emperor Vespasian, or maybe even to emphasize the vitality of the beast. Others, such as Walvoord, see the beast as the revived Roman Empire. It is believed that the ten-toed iron and clay kingdom of Daniel 2:41-43 is a latter-day revival of the old Roman Empire. It is clear in Daniel that the iron kingdom is the fourth and final kingdom, and yet this iron kingdom is distinguished literarily from the iron and clay kingdom (see how they are treated distinctly in Daniel 2:40, 41-3). Since both are part of the fourth kingdom, sharing in the iron, it is clear that both refer to Rome. Seeing that the iron kingdom will be in existence when the Lord sets up His own everlasting kingdom (Daniel 2:44; See also 7:13-14, 21-27), it is believed that the Roman Empire must be in existence at Christ's return.2 Since the Roman Empire fell in the seventh century AD this would require a revival of that empire just before the coming of Christ. Against such a position is the fact that the fourth kingdom will not be the only kingdom in existence when the Lord sets up His kingdom; all the kingdom-beasts will be in existence. Notice that Daniel said, "And in the days of these kings…" (Daniel 2:44, italics mine). "These kings" refer to the four kingdoms of the great image. Not only would the Roman Empire have to exist at the time of Christ's return according to such interpretation, but so would the Babylonian, Medo-Persian, and Grecian Empires. The same can be said of the beasts of Daniel 7. Within the context of the Lord's return and establishment of the everlasting kingdom it is said of the four beasts: "I beheld even till the [fourth] beast was slain, and his body destroyed, and given to the burning flame. As concerning the rest of the beasts, they had their dominion taken away: yet their lives were prolonged for a season and time" (Daniel 7:11b-12 within the context of 7:7-27). Not only is the revived Roman Empire view exegetically shaky, it does not fit the response of those who witnessed the resurrection of the beast. It is said that they were amazed at the beast who recovered from such a deadly wound, and such amazement prompted world-wide followership and worship of the beast (Revelation 13:3-4). The healing of the beast led them to believe that the beast was militarily invincible (and by implication, invincible to death), and unlike any other (13:4). While a revived Roman Empire would be a wonder indeed, it is difficult to see how a political re-uniting of the old Roman Empire could illicit such amazement and worship from the earth-dwellers. A recovery from a genuine death-wound to a real human being would better explain the world's amazement and worship. The text supports the view that the death-wound and subsequent healing was received by a human, not an institution. The Greek says the beast was w`j evsfagme,non ("as if slain"). The exact same wording is used of Christ the Lamb in Revelation 5:6. If we are to argue for the reality of the physical death of Christ we must also argue for the reality of the physical death of the beast because the same construction is used of each. Furthermore, Christ's resurrection is described as e;zhsen (2:8). The same word is used of the beast's recovery from the deadly wound (13:14). Just as Christ was raised from the dead, so will the beast (Antichrist). It is the ultimate parody of the Antichrist that he would even imitate Christ's death and resurrection in his rivalry of Christ.3 The only serious objection to this view is that Satan does not have the power to raise one from the dead. It should be pointed out that the text never says who raised the beast from his deadly wound. It is not beyond the realm of possibility that it was God who caused him to raise from the dead, possibly to magnify the beast's deception of the earth-dwellers. Regardless, the issue of who raised the Antichrist from the dead is not a question of exegesis, but of theological speculation.4 In summation, while the deadly wound the beast received and recovered from could be taken in a figurative sense to refer to a non-personal entity such as evil, or a political kingdom, an exegesis of the text argues in favor of the view that it is a literal wound and recovery of a human being. Second Beast A further clue to the identity of the first beast of Revelation 13 is found in the second beast of Revelation 13. It is clear that this second beast is a human person, and not an institution. He is identified as "the false prophet" (Revelation 16:13; 19:20; 20:10), a designation clearly depicting that of a human person. He, as well as the beast, is said to be cast into the Lake of Fire at the Lord's return (19:20). Surely an institution, kingdom, or city cannot be thrown into the Lake of Fire; people are thrown into the Lake of Fire.5 This argues strongly that the beasts of Revelation 13 are specific human individuals. The second beast is also said to cause the earth dwellers to worship the first beast, and even compel them to make an image of him (13:12, 14). The second beast was able to give life to this image so that it could speak and kill (13:15). Unless this image is that of a man, it makes little sense for it to be able to speak. It seems the first beast, which the image resembles, is a man, not an institution. The Beast of Revelation 17 While the first beast of Revelation 13 appears to be a human individual, the details of the beast in Revelation 17 are not so clear. John saw a vision of a woman sitting on a scarlet beast with seven heads and ten horns. The vision may allude to a coin minted in AD 71 in the province of Asia during Vespasian's reign (AD 69-79). The coin has a picture of Vespasian on the front and the goddess Roma sitting on the seven hills of Rome on the back.6 The goddess personified Rome to those living in these parts, although the goddess was not officially introduced to the city of Rome until the second century AD. Whether this was the backdrop of John's vision cannot be determined with certainty, but it is an interesting parallel to John's vision nonetheless. 17:8 When the angel began to interpret John's vision of the beast and woman he said the beast "was, and is not, but is about to come up from the abyss…." Johnson sees this description as reminiscent of the deadly wound and healing of the beast spoken of in Revelation 13:3, 14. The fact that he "is not" refers to his defeat by the Lamb at Calvary.7 He would come back to life again at the end time, however. David Aune agrees with Johnson that the description is reminiscent of the deadly wound and healing, but understands this in a literal sense, referring to a human person.8 He specifically connects this with the Nero Redivivus theory wherein Nero was expected to be revived from the dead. Many saw such a resurrection in Emperor Domitian. Robert Mounce interprets the beast as the persecution of Christians by the hand of imperial government. He understands the "was, and is not, but is about to come up from the abyss" to refer to the fact that persecution had existed but had stopped for the moment. Soon, however, it would come out of the abyss once again.9 Caird, a preterist, has much the same interpretation. He says, "The fact that he [John] can say it is not is the clearest possible indication that there was no open and organized persecution at the time when he was writing."10 These interpretations fit with their overall understanding of the theme of Revelation, but do not seem to be derived from an exegesis of this particular text. There is nothing in the context that indicates the beast is persecuting anyone. The beast is only said to destroy the woman that rides him. The only mention of opposition towards the godly is the war he will make against the Lamb, a reference to the battle of Armageddon at the very end of Daniel's 70th week (17:14). To say the beast was, and is not, and will ascend from the abyss is reminiscent of the thrice repeated statement concerning Christ as the one "who is, who was, and who is to come" (Revelation 1:4, 8; 4:8). It seems to be a parallel expression, communicating once again the ways in which the Antichrist attempts to parallel the true Christ. I would have to agree with Aune that the description of the beast is a reference to the wounding and healing of the beast in chapter 13. The response is the same in both chapters. In both 13:3 and 17:8 the world "wondered" (qauma,zw) after the beast. If the reference is the same, and the beast is a person in Revelation 13, it would argue for a personal beast in Revelation 17. 17:9 In the interpretation of the beast's seven heads we are told that they are both seven mountains, and seven kings. This is the only place in apocalyptic literature in which one symbol is given two interpretations, making this very unique. Johnson understands the seven mountains/kings to refer to completeness, not literally, and thus rejects the view that the beast is Rome, or seven particular Roman emperors. He points out, as do many other commentators, that if the seven kings refer to seven literal emperors we are at a loss to know which emperors John was referring to. We must ask Which emperor are we to begin with? Is it Julius Caesar? Augustus Caesar? Which emperors do we include and exclude? Those who wish to find seven emperors not only arbitrarily start with a particular emperor, but also arbitrarily exclude the short reigning emperors Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. If John wrote his apocalypse under Nero we are left with too few emperors; if under Domitian too many. No reconstruction of the identity of the seven kings is without its mark of speculation, arbitrariness, and difficulty. Writter: Nzayisenga Adrien

Ese u Rwanda ruzasubiza amafaranga yari yaratanzwe n'ubwongereza yo gufasha impunzi?

Nta nshingano dufite zo kugira amafaranga ayo ari yo yose dusubiza.' Doris Picard, Umujyanama wa Minisitiri w'Ubutabera, yakuriye inzira ku murima umunyamakuru wa BBC wari amusabye kugira icyo avuga byo kuba 'Guverinoma ya UK yatangaje ko hari amafaranga u Rwanda rugomba gusubiza. Hashize iminsi mike uwari minisitiri w'intebe w'ubwongereza bwana rish sunak atsinzwe amatora yahanganyemo n'umukandida wo mu ishyaka riharanira uburenganzira bw'abakozi bwana keir starmer, sunak yari ashyigikiye ko abimukira bageze mu bwongereza bidakurikije amategeko bakoherezwa mu Rwanda, ku munsi wa mbere bwana Keir starmer akimara gutorwa yahise ahagarika amasezerano leta yicyo gihugu yari yaragiranye na leta y'u Rwanda. Igikomeje kwibazwa ni ese leta y'ubwongereza izishyuza aya mafaranga?ese leta y'uRwanda yo yiteguye kuyatanga. Umwanditsi: Nzayisenga Adrien

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Unicaf is celebrating Africa Month with $5 million worth of scholarships to study online for British Master's degreeshttps://apply.unicaf.org/unicaf/africa-month?p=uk&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=tweet&utm_campaign=TW-UNICAF-AfricaMonth-Rwanda-NoTargeting-30-04-2024&utm_content=AfricaMonth-NoTargeting&twclid=2-57ed0fgcevws4v7hr7d8qt5yc(nzayisenga Adrien)