Sobanukirwa byinshi bijyanye n'ubutumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Rwanda (UNAMIR)

Ubutumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Rwanda (UNAMIR) bwashyizweho n’Inama y’Umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye biciye ku mwanzuro wa 872, ku wa 5 Ukwakira 1993. Intego yabwo yari ugufasha mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano ya Arusha, yashyizweho umukono ku wa 4 Kanama 1993, yari agamije kurangiza intambara y’abenegihugu yari iri mu Rwanda.

Ubu butumwa bwatangiye mu Ukwakira 1993 bukomeza kugeza muri Werurwe 1996. Ibikorwa byabwo byari bigamije gushyigikira inzira y’amahoro hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda yari iyobowe n’Abahutu n’umutwe witwaje intwaro wa FPR Inkotanyi wari ugizwe ahanini n’Abatutsi.

Nubwo bwari bufite iyo nshingano, UNAMIR yanenzwe cyane kubera kunanirwa gukumira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ndetse no guhagarika imirwano, ahanini bitewe n’imbogamizi zari mu mabwiriza y’uburyo ingabo zabwo zagombaga kwitwara (rules of engagement).

Nyuma y’aho FPR Inkotanyi ifatiye ubutegetsi, manda ya UNAMIR yarakomeje, inagira uruhare mu bibazo by’impunzi byabaye mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Gusa muri rusange, ubu butumwa bufatwa nk’ubwananiwe kugera ku ntego zabwo.Mu kwezi kwa Ukwakira 1990, hatangiye Intambara y’Abanyarwanda, ubwo umutwe w’inyeshyamba wa Rwandan Patriotic Front (FPR Inkotanyi) waturukaga muri Uganda winjira mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda unyuze ku mupaka wo mu majyepfo y’icyo gihugu.

FPR yari igizwe n’abasirikare barenga 4,000, benshi muri bo bari abana b’impunzi z’Abatutsi zari zarahunze u Rwanda hagati ya 1959 na 1963, zihunga itotezwa n’ihohoterwa byabakorwaga. Uyu mutwe wiyerekanye nk’ugamije demokarasi n’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda bose, usaba ko ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko rihagarara, ko ubusahuzi bw’umutungo w’igihugu bwakorwaga n’abari ku butegetsi buhagarara, ndetse n’ibibazo by’umutekano byatumaga Abanyarwanda bahunga igihugu bikarangira.

FPR yashyigikiwe na Leta ya Uganda iyobowe na Yoweri Museveni, wari warafashe ubutegetsi nyuma ya Intambara ya Bush War muri Uganda, aho impunzi nyinshi z’Abanyarwanda zari zaragize uruhare rukomeye mu kumushyigikira.

Ku rundi ruhande, ingabo za Leta y’u Rwanda (Rwandan Armed Forces) zatabawe n’ingabo zaturutse mu France no muri Zaire, zari zishyigikiye ubutegetsi bwa Perezida w’u Rwanda icyo gihe, Juvénal Habyarimana, wari ku butegetsi kuva mu 1973.

Ubufaransa bwohereje abasirikare babiri b’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere (paratroopers), buvuga ko bwari bugamije kurinda abaturage babwo, ariko mu by’ukuri byabujije FPR gukomeza igitero cyayo kigana mu murwa mukuru Kigali.

Mu buryo bunyuranye n’ubwo, Leta y’ububiligi, yigeze gukoloniza u Rwanda, yahagaritse ubufasha yose yahaga ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, ibintu byafashwe nk’aho bwari ubutererane.

Kubera kuburizwamo n’ingabo z’Abafaransa, FPR yisubiye inyuma mu buryo bugaragara, isubira mu misozi ya Virunga Mountains iri ku mupaka. Nyuma y’urupfu rw’uwari umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo za FPR, Major General Fred Rwigyema, byari hafi ko uwo mutwe usenyuka burundu, ariko uza kongera kwiyubaka bitewe n’ubuyobozi bwa Paul Kagame.  Yanditswe na Nzayisenga Adrien