Ni iki gitera indwara zo mu mutwe

Indwara zo mu mutwe (mental disorders) ziterwa n’impamvu nyinshi, zishobora kuba izifitanye isano n’imiterere y’umubiri, imiterere y’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ibidukikije umuntu aba arimo, cyangwa ubuzima bwe rusange. Ntabwo hari impamvu imwe itera indwara zo mu mutwe, ahubwo ni uguhurirana kw'impamvu zitandukanye. Dore zimwe muri izo mpamvu: 1. Impamvu z'ubuvuzi (Biological factors) Imikorere y'ubwonko: Imikorere idasanzwe mu bwonko, cyane cyane mu myanya itunganya imitekerereze n’imyitwarire, ishobora gutera indwara zo mu mutwe. Imbalance y’imisemburo y’ubwonko (neurotransmitters) nka serotonin, dopamine, cyangwa norepinephrine, irazwiho kuba ifite uruhare mu ndwara nk’agahinda gakabije (depression), ubwoba (anxiety), n'ibindi. Genes (Imiterere y'amasano): Hari ubwo indwara zo mu mutwe zigaragara mu miryango imwe. Niba hari umuntu mu muryango wawe wahuye n’indwara yo mu mutwe, bishobora kongera amahirwe yawe yo guhura nayo. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko hari uruhare rwa genes mu gutera indwara nka schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, n'izindi. 2. Impamvu z'ibidukikije (Environmental factors) Ihohoterwa n'ibibazo by'ihungabana (Trauma): Abantu bahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye byo mu buzima, by’umwihariko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, urugomo, cyangwa uburaya bushobora gutera indwara zo mu mutwe nk'ihahamuka (PTSD). Ubukene cyangwa ibibazo mu muryango: Ibibazo byo mu muryango, ubukene bukabije, kubura inkunga y'imibereho, cyangwa ingorane mu kazi cyangwa amashuri bishobora gutuma umuntu ahura n’ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Umunaniro ukabije (Chronic stress): Gukorera mu buzima bwuzuyemo umunaniro mwinshi mu gihe kirekire bishobora gutera indwara z’ubwoba (anxiety disorders) cyangwa agahinda gakabije. 3. Impamvu z’imyitwarire n'ubuzima (Lifestyle factors) Gufata ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga: Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga mu buryo bw'ikirenga bishobora gutera cyangwa gukongeza indwara zo mu mutwe, nka depression, anxiety, cyangwa psychosis. Ibura ry'ibitunga umubiri bihagije: Ibyo kurya bifite intungamubiri nkeya (malnutrition) bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko no ku mitekerereze y’umuntu, bigatera indwara zo mu mutwe. 4. Impamvu z'ubuzima bwo mu bwonko (Psychological factors) Ibitekerezo n’imyumvire mbi: Guhorana ibitekerezo by’ubwihebe, kumva udashoboye cyangwa kumva udakwiriye bishobora gutuma umuntu agira depression cyangwa anxiety. Guhuza imitekerereze n’ibyo ubona (Cognitive distortions): Hari ubwo abantu bafite indwara zo mu mutwe bafite uburyo babona ibintu butari bwo, bagatekereza nabi ku byababayeho cyangwa bakishyiramo ibibazo bidahari, ibi bishobora gukurura ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. 5. Ibibazo by’imbere mu muryango (Family history and upbringing) Gutozwa nabi mu bwana: Abana bavutse mu miryango ifite ibibazo by’ubwicanyi, ihohoterwa, cyangwa amakimbirane ahoraho bashobora kwigana iyo myitwarire mibi, cyangwa bakaba bafite ibyago byo guhura n’indwara zo mu mutwe mu buzima bwabo. Kugira ababyeyi bafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe: Kuba abana bakuriye mu muryango ufite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe bishobora kuba impamvu ituma nabo bahura n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. 6. Ibindi bibazo bishobora gutera indwara zo mu mutwe Indwara zimwe z’umubiri: Indwara z'igihe kirekire z’umubiri, nka kanseri, diabete, cyangwa indwara z’umutima, bishobora gutuma umuntu ahura n'ibibazo byo mu mutwe kubera ihungabana cyangwa umubabaro biterwa n’izo ndwara. Ubuzima bw'imyitwarire n'ubusore: Mu gihe cy’ubusore, ibitekerezo n’ibintu byahura n’umubiri w’umuntu bihinduka cyane, bishobora gutera ibibazo by’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe ku rubyiruko cyangwa abakiri bato. Icyo wakora: Kugana muganga w’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Ni ingenzi kugana abaganga b'inzobere mu buvuzi bwo mu mutwe, kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma ryimbitse n’ubuvuzi bukwiye. Kumenya ibimenyetso kare: Guhinduka kw'imyitwarire, kumva wiyemeza kuguma wenyine, guhindura imyumvire idasanzwe, no kugira agahinda cyangwa ubwoba budasanzwe, ni bimwe mu bimenyetso by'indwara zo mu mutwe bikwiye kwitabwaho hakiri kare. Gushyigikirwa n’umuryango n’inshuti: Inkunga y’abagize umuryango n’inshuti ishobora kugira uruhare runini mu gufasha umuntu uri guhura n'indwara zo mu mutwe. Gukora ubushakashatsi no kumenya impamvu z'indwara zo mu mutwe ni ingenzi mu kuyirinda no kuyivura hakiri kare.