Monday, May 4, 2026

Rwanda

Rwanda, ku izina ryuzuye Repubulika y’u Rwanda, ni igihugu kidakora ku nyanja giherereye muri East Africa.

U Rwanda ruzwi ku izina ry “Igihugu cy’Imisozi Igihumbi” kubera ubutumburuke bwacyo n’imisozi myinshi igaragara mu gihugu hose. Imiterere y’aho giherereye igizwe ahanini n’imisozi iri mu burengerazuba n’ibibaya byo mu bwoko bwa savane mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba.

Ibiyaga binini kandi bizwi cyane biboneka cyane cyane mu burengerazuba no mu majyaruguru y’igihugu, kandi hari n’ibirunga byinshi biri mu ruhererekane rw’ibirunga bya Virunga Mountains, cyane cyane mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba.

Ikirere cy’u Rwanda kiri mu bwoko bw’ikirere gishyushye cyo mu misozi (tropical highland climate), kikaba kirangwa n’ibihe bibiri by’imvura n’ibihe bibiri by’izuba buri mwaka.

Umurwa mukuru kandi ukaba n’umujyi munini w’igihugu ni Kigali, uherereye hagati mu gihugu, ku butumburuke bwa metero 1,567 hejuru y’inyanja.Ubukirisitu ni bwo dini rinini cyane mu gihugu; ururimi nyamukuru kandi rw’igihugu ni Kinyarwanda, ruvugwa n’Abanyarwanda kavukire, mu gihe Icyongereza, Igifaransa n’Igiswahili na byo ari indimi zemewe n’amategeko.

Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bushingiye ku serivisi, ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu buhinzi, no ku nganda. Coffee n’Tea ni byo bihingwa cyane bigurishwa mu mahanga (cash crops), nubwo urutoki rurenzeho mu musaruro imbere mu gihugu. Tourism in Rwanda ni urwego ruri gutera imbere vuba kandi ubu ni rwo rwinjiriza igihugu amadovize menshi kurusha izindi.

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Nzayisenga Adrien

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require("dotenv").config(); const express = require("express"); const multer = require("multer"); const path = require("path"); const crypto = require("crypto"); const { createClient } = require("@supabase/supabase-js"); const app = express(); const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000; const SUPABASE_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL; const SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY; const ADMIN_PASSWORD = process.env.ADMIN_PASSWORD; if (!SUPABASE_URL || !SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY || !ADMIN_PASSWORD) { console.error("Missing required environment variables."); process.exit(1); } const supabase = createClient( SUPABASE_URL, SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY, { auth: { autoRefreshToken: false, persistSession: false } } ); app.use(express.json()); app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, "public"))); const upload = multer({ storage: multer.memoryStorage(), limits: { fileSize: 100 * 1024 * 1024 }, fileFilter: (req, file, cb) => { const extension = path.extname(file.originalname).toLowerCase(); if ( extension !== ".pdf" && file.mimetype !== "application/pdf" ) { return cb(new Error("Only PDF files are allowed.")); } cb(null, true); } }); function checkAdmin(req, res, next) { const password = req.headers["x-admin-password"]; if (!password || password !== ADMIN_PASSWORD) { return res.status(401).json({ error: "Unauthorized" }); } next(); } function cleanFileName(name) { return name .replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/g, "-") .replace(/-+/g, "-") .toLowerCase(); } /* GET BOOKS */ app.get("/api/books", async (req, res) => { try { const search = (req.query.search || "").trim(); let query = supabase .from("books") .select("*") .order("created_at", { ascending: false }); if (search) { query = query.or( `title.ilike.%${search}%,author.ilike.%${search}%,category.ilike.%${search}%` ); } const { data, error } = await query; if (error) { throw error; } res.json(data || []); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: "Unable to load books." }); } }); /* UPLOAD BOOK */ app.post( "/api/books", checkAdmin, upload.single("pdf"), async (req, res) => { try { if (!req.file) { return res.status(400).json({ error: "Please select a PDF file." }); } const title = (req.body.title || "").trim(); const author = (req.body.author || "").trim(); const description = (req.body.description || "").trim(); const category = (req.body.category || "General").trim(); if (!title || !author) { return res.status(400).json({ error: "Title and author are required." }); } const unique = crypto.randomBytes(8).toString("hex"); const filename = `${Date.now()}-${unique}-${cleanFileName(req.file.originalname)}`; const storagePath = `pdfs/${filename}`; /* Upload PDF to Supabase Storage */ const { error: uploadError } = await supabase.storage .from("books") .upload( storagePath, req.file.buffer, { contentType: "application/pdf", upsert: false } ); if (uploadError) { throw uploadError; } /* Get public PDF URL */ const { data: publicData } = supabase.storage .from("books") .getPublicUrl(storagePath); const pdfUrl = publicData.publicUrl; /* Save book information */ const { data, error } = await supabase .from("books") .insert({ title, author, description, category, pdf_path: storagePath, pdf_url: pdfUrl, downloads: 0 }) .select() .single(); if (error) { throw error; } res.json({ success: true, message: "Book uploaded successfully.", book: data }); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: error.message || "Book upload failed." }); } } ); /* DELETE BOOK */ app.delete( "/api/books/:id", checkAdmin, async (req, res) => { try { const id = req.params.id; const { data: book, error: findError } = await supabase .from("books") .select("*") .eq("id", id) .single(); if (findError) { throw findError; } /* Delete PDF from storage */ if (book.pdf_path) { await supabase.storage .from("books") .remove([ book.pdf_path ]); } /* Delete database record */ const { error: deleteError } = await supabase .from("books") .delete() .eq("id", id); if (deleteError) { throw deleteError; } res.json({ success: true }); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: "Unable to delete book." }); } } ); /* DOWNLOAD BOOK Increments download counter. */ app.get( "/api/books/:id/download", async (req, res) => { try { const id = req.params.id; const { data: book, error } = await supabase .from("books") .select("*") .eq("id", id) .single(); if (error || !book) { return res.status(404).send( "Book not found." ); } /* Increase download count */ await supabase .from("books") .update({ downloads: Number(book.downloads || 0) + 1 }) .eq("id", id); /* Redirect to PDF */ res.redirect(book.pdf_url); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).send( "Download failed." ); } } ); /* HEALTH CHECK */ app.get("/api/health", (req, res) => { res.json({ status: "running", application: "ADFID Africa Digital Library" }); }); /* ERROR HANDLER */ app.use((error, req, res, next) => { console.error(error); res.status(400).json({ error: error.message || "Something went wrong." }); }); app.listen(PORT, () => { console.log(""); console.log( "==========================================" ); console.log( " ADFID Africa Digital Library" ); console.log( " PDF Library Server" ); console.log( ` Running: http://localhost:${PORT}` ); console.log( ` Admin: http://localhost:${PORT}/admin.html` ); console.log( "==========================================" ); }); ADFID Library Administration

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