Monday, April 13, 2026

Romeo Dalaire ni muntu Ki??

Roméo Antonius Dallaire yavukiye i Denekamp mu Buholandi, avuka ku mubyeyi we Staff-Sergeant Roméo Louis Dallaire, wari umusirikare wa Canada, na Catherine Vermeassen, wari umuforomokazi w’Umuholandi. Dallaire yageze muri Canada afite amezi atandatu, azanywe na nyina mu bwato bwitwaga Empire Brent, bageze i Halifax ku itariki ya 13 Ukuboza 1946. Yakuriye mu mujyi wa Montreal.

Mu mwaka wa 1963, yinjiye mu ngabo za Canadian Army nk’umunyeshuri (cadet) muri Royal Military College Saint-Jean. Mu 1970 yarangije amasomo ye muri Royal Military College of Canada, ahabwa impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science, aninjizwa mu mutwe w’ingabo witwa The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery.

Mu 1971, Dallaire yasabye pasiporo ya Canada kugira ngo ajyane n’ingabo ze mu mahanga, ariko atungurwa no gusanga kuba yaravukiye mu Buholandi, n’ubwo yari umwana w’umusirikare wa Canada, bitahise bimuhesha ubwenegihugu bwa Canada. Nyuma yaje kububona.

Yize kandi mu ishuri rya Canadian Land Force Command and Staff College, ndetse no muri United States Marine Corps muri Quantico, VA mu ishuri rya Command and Staff College, ndetse no mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare ry’Abongereza ryitwa Higher Command and Staff Course.

Yayoboye umutwe w’ingabo witwa 5e Régiment d'artillerie légère du Canada. Ku itariki ya 3 Nyakanga 1989, yazamuwe ku rwego rwa brigadier-general. Nyuma yayoboye 5th Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group. Yanabaye umuyobozi (commandant) wa Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1993.                                     Inshingano ya mbere (Original mission)

Mu mpera za 1993, Roméo Dallaire yahawe inshingano zo kuba umuyobozi w’ingabo (Force Commander) za UNAMIR, ubutumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bwo gufasha u Rwanda.

Icyo gihe, u Rwanda rwari ruri mu ntambara hagati ya guverinoma y’Abahutu b’abahezanguni n’umutwe w’inyeshyamba z’Abatutsi. Intego ya UNAMIR yari ugufasha mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ya Arusha .

Abahutu bifashishije ingabo za Leta y’u Rwanda hamwe n’uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda icyo gihe, Juvénal Habyarimana, mu gihe Abatutsi bayoborwaga n’umuyobozi w’inyeshyamba Paul Kagame, ubu akaba ari Perezida w’u Rwanda.

Igihe Dallaire yageraga mu Rwanda, yari afite inshingano yo kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ayo masezerano mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho, aho Abatutsi bagombaga guhabwa imyanya y’ubuyobozi muri guverinoma y’Abahutu.

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require("dotenv").config(); const express = require("express"); const multer = require("multer"); const path = require("path"); const crypto = require("crypto"); const { createClient } = require("@supabase/supabase-js"); const app = express(); const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000; const SUPABASE_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL; const SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY; const ADMIN_PASSWORD = process.env.ADMIN_PASSWORD; if (!SUPABASE_URL || !SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY || !ADMIN_PASSWORD) { console.error("Missing required environment variables."); process.exit(1); } const supabase = createClient( SUPABASE_URL, SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY, { auth: { autoRefreshToken: false, persistSession: false } } ); app.use(express.json()); app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, "public"))); const upload = multer({ storage: multer.memoryStorage(), limits: { fileSize: 100 * 1024 * 1024 }, fileFilter: (req, file, cb) => { const extension = path.extname(file.originalname).toLowerCase(); if ( extension !== ".pdf" && file.mimetype !== "application/pdf" ) { return cb(new Error("Only PDF files are allowed.")); } cb(null, true); } }); function checkAdmin(req, res, next) { const password = req.headers["x-admin-password"]; if (!password || password !== ADMIN_PASSWORD) { return res.status(401).json({ error: "Unauthorized" }); } next(); } function cleanFileName(name) { return name .replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/g, "-") .replace(/-+/g, "-") .toLowerCase(); } /* GET BOOKS */ app.get("/api/books", async (req, res) => { try { const search = (req.query.search || "").trim(); let query = supabase .from("books") .select("*") .order("created_at", { ascending: false }); if (search) { query = query.or( `title.ilike.%${search}%,author.ilike.%${search}%,category.ilike.%${search}%` ); } const { data, error } = await query; if (error) { throw error; } res.json(data || []); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: "Unable to load books." }); } }); /* UPLOAD BOOK */ app.post( "/api/books", checkAdmin, upload.single("pdf"), async (req, res) => { try { if (!req.file) { return res.status(400).json({ error: "Please select a PDF file." }); } const title = (req.body.title || "").trim(); const author = (req.body.author || "").trim(); const description = (req.body.description || "").trim(); const category = (req.body.category || "General").trim(); if (!title || !author) { return res.status(400).json({ error: "Title and author are required." }); } const unique = crypto.randomBytes(8).toString("hex"); const filename = `${Date.now()}-${unique}-${cleanFileName(req.file.originalname)}`; const storagePath = `pdfs/${filename}`; /* Upload PDF to Supabase Storage */ const { error: uploadError } = await supabase.storage .from("books") .upload( storagePath, req.file.buffer, { contentType: "application/pdf", upsert: false } ); if (uploadError) { throw uploadError; } /* Get public PDF URL */ const { data: publicData } = supabase.storage .from("books") .getPublicUrl(storagePath); const pdfUrl = publicData.publicUrl; /* Save book information */ const { data, error } = await supabase .from("books") .insert({ title, author, description, category, pdf_path: storagePath, pdf_url: pdfUrl, downloads: 0 }) .select() .single(); if (error) { throw error; } res.json({ success: true, message: "Book uploaded successfully.", book: data }); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: error.message || "Book upload failed." }); } } ); /* DELETE BOOK */ app.delete( "/api/books/:id", checkAdmin, async (req, res) => { try { const id = req.params.id; const { data: book, error: findError } = await supabase .from("books") .select("*") .eq("id", id) .single(); if (findError) { throw findError; } /* Delete PDF from storage */ if (book.pdf_path) { await supabase.storage .from("books") .remove([ book.pdf_path ]); } /* Delete database record */ const { error: deleteError } = await supabase .from("books") .delete() .eq("id", id); if (deleteError) { throw deleteError; } res.json({ success: true }); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: "Unable to delete book." }); } } ); /* DOWNLOAD BOOK Increments download counter. */ app.get( "/api/books/:id/download", async (req, res) => { try { const id = req.params.id; const { data: book, error } = await supabase .from("books") .select("*") .eq("id", id) .single(); if (error || !book) { return res.status(404).send( "Book not found." ); } /* Increase download count */ await supabase .from("books") .update({ downloads: Number(book.downloads || 0) + 1 }) .eq("id", id); /* Redirect to PDF */ res.redirect(book.pdf_url); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).send( "Download failed." ); } } ); /* HEALTH CHECK */ app.get("/api/health", (req, res) => { res.json({ status: "running", application: "ADFID Africa Digital Library" }); }); /* ERROR HANDLER */ app.use((error, req, res, next) => { console.error(error); res.status(400).json({ error: error.message || "Something went wrong." }); }); app.listen(PORT, () => { console.log(""); console.log( "==========================================" ); console.log( " ADFID Africa Digital Library" ); console.log( " PDF Library Server" ); console.log( ` Running: http://localhost:${PORT}` ); console.log( ` Admin: http://localhost:${PORT}/admin.html` ); console.log( "==========================================" ); }); ADFID Library Administration

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