Monday, December 15, 2025

Colonel Alexis Kanyarengwe (1938–2006) was a Rwandan officer who fled Rwanda in 1980 amidst accusations that he was plotting against Juvénal Habyarimana.

Kanyarengwe rose to power as one of the officers who led a coup on July 5, 1973, that toppled then President Grégoire Kayibanda, installing Habyarimana. He was appointed Minister of the Interior in the new government, and reportedly rose to the number two position. In December 1980 he came under suspicion of fomenting a coup against Habyarimana and fled into exile in Tanzania.

In September 1990, after three years of convincing, Kanyarengwe joined the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), following a meeting with Aloisea Inyumba. This is despite his being a Hutu and the RPF being made primarily of Tutsi in exile. The effect of his defection in Rwanda led to Habyarimana cracking down further on internal opposition.

Kanyarengwe joined the RPF as its vice president, but quickly rose up the ranks. In October 1990, RPF founder Fred Rwigyema was killed in mysterious circumstances, In the fallout of these events, Kanyarengwe was thrust into the presidency.

 

However, real power was thought to be held by RPF vice president Paul Kagame.On 28 March 1997, Kanyarengwe was sacked from his post as Interior minister after protesting Rwandan Patriotic Army , Kanyarengwe was finally replaced by Paul Kagame as chairman of the RPF.

Author: NZAYISENGA Adrien 

posted by nzayisenga adrien @ December 15, 2025   0 Comments

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require("dotenv").config(); const express = require("express"); const multer = require("multer"); const path = require("path"); const crypto = require("crypto"); const { createClient } = require("@supabase/supabase-js"); const app = express(); const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000; const SUPABASE_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL; const SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY; const ADMIN_PASSWORD = process.env.ADMIN_PASSWORD; if (!SUPABASE_URL || !SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY || !ADMIN_PASSWORD) { console.error("Missing required environment variables."); process.exit(1); } const supabase = createClient( SUPABASE_URL, SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY, { auth: { autoRefreshToken: false, persistSession: false } } ); app.use(express.json()); app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, "public"))); const upload = multer({ storage: multer.memoryStorage(), limits: { fileSize: 100 * 1024 * 1024 }, fileFilter: (req, file, cb) => { const extension = path.extname(file.originalname).toLowerCase(); if ( extension !== ".pdf" && file.mimetype !== "application/pdf" ) { return cb(new Error("Only PDF files are allowed.")); } cb(null, true); } }); function checkAdmin(req, res, next) { const password = req.headers["x-admin-password"]; if (!password || password !== ADMIN_PASSWORD) { return res.status(401).json({ error: "Unauthorized" }); } next(); } function cleanFileName(name) { return name .replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/g, "-") .replace(/-+/g, "-") .toLowerCase(); } /* GET BOOKS */ app.get("/api/books", async (req, res) => { try { const search = (req.query.search || "").trim(); let query = supabase .from("books") .select("*") .order("created_at", { ascending: false }); if (search) { query = query.or( `title.ilike.%${search}%,author.ilike.%${search}%,category.ilike.%${search}%` ); } const { data, error } = await query; if (error) { throw error; } res.json(data || []); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: "Unable to load books." }); } }); /* UPLOAD BOOK */ app.post( "/api/books", checkAdmin, upload.single("pdf"), async (req, res) => { try { if (!req.file) { return res.status(400).json({ error: "Please select a PDF file." }); } const title = (req.body.title || "").trim(); const author = (req.body.author || "").trim(); const description = (req.body.description || "").trim(); const category = (req.body.category || "General").trim(); if (!title || !author) { return res.status(400).json({ error: "Title and author are required." }); } const unique = crypto.randomBytes(8).toString("hex"); const filename = `${Date.now()}-${unique}-${cleanFileName(req.file.originalname)}`; const storagePath = `pdfs/${filename}`; /* Upload PDF to Supabase Storage */ const { error: uploadError } = await supabase.storage .from("books") .upload( storagePath, req.file.buffer, { contentType: "application/pdf", upsert: false } ); if (uploadError) { throw uploadError; } /* Get public PDF URL */ const { data: publicData } = supabase.storage .from("books") .getPublicUrl(storagePath); const pdfUrl = publicData.publicUrl; /* Save book information */ const { data, error } = await supabase .from("books") .insert({ title, author, description, category, pdf_path: storagePath, pdf_url: pdfUrl, downloads: 0 }) .select() .single(); if (error) { throw error; } res.json({ success: true, message: "Book uploaded successfully.", book: data }); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: error.message || "Book upload failed." }); } } ); /* DELETE BOOK */ app.delete( "/api/books/:id", checkAdmin, async (req, res) => { try { const id = req.params.id; const { data: book, error: findError } = await supabase .from("books") .select("*") .eq("id", id) .single(); if (findError) { throw findError; } /* Delete PDF from storage */ if (book.pdf_path) { await supabase.storage .from("books") .remove([ book.pdf_path ]); } /* Delete database record */ const { error: deleteError } = await supabase .from("books") .delete() .eq("id", id); if (deleteError) { throw deleteError; } res.json({ success: true }); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: "Unable to delete book." }); } } ); /* DOWNLOAD BOOK Increments download counter. */ app.get( "/api/books/:id/download", async (req, res) => { try { const id = req.params.id; const { data: book, error } = await supabase .from("books") .select("*") .eq("id", id) .single(); if (error || !book) { return res.status(404).send( "Book not found." ); } /* Increase download count */ await supabase .from("books") .update({ downloads: Number(book.downloads || 0) + 1 }) .eq("id", id); /* Redirect to PDF */ res.redirect(book.pdf_url); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).send( "Download failed." ); } } ); /* HEALTH CHECK */ app.get("/api/health", (req, res) => { res.json({ status: "running", application: "ADFID Africa Digital Library" }); }); /* ERROR HANDLER */ app.use((error, req, res, next) => { console.error(error); res.status(400).json({ error: error.message || "Something went wrong." }); }); app.listen(PORT, () => { console.log(""); console.log( "==========================================" ); console.log( " ADFID Africa Digital Library" ); console.log( " PDF Library Server" ); console.log( ` Running: http://localhost:${PORT}` ); console.log( ` Admin: http://localhost:${PORT}/admin.html` ); console.log( "==========================================" ); }); ADFID Library Administration

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