Tuesday, February 11, 2025

March 23 Movement,Congolese Revolutionary Army (Armée révolutionnaire du Congo),

 The March 23 Movement (French: Mouvement du 23 mars), often abbreviated as M23 and also known as the Congolese Revolutionary Army (Armée révolutionnaire du Congo),[9] is a Congolese Tutsi-led rebel military group.[10] Based in the eastern areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it operates mainly in the province of North Kivu, which borders both Uganda and Rwanda, and is backed by Rwanda. The M23 was formed in 2012 and first saw action during its first rebellion against the Congolese government that led to the displacement of large numbers of people. On 20 November 2012, M23 took control of Goma, the capital of North Kivu with a population of a million people, but was persuaded to withdraw from the city by the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region because the Congolese government had finally agreed to negotiate with the rebel group. In late 2012, Congolese troops, along with UN peacekeeping troops, retook Goma, and the M23 announced a ceasefire and said that it wanted to resume peace talks.[11]

A United Nations report found that Rwanda created and commanded the M23 rebel group.[12] Rwanda ceased its support due to international pressure and the military defeat by the Congolese military and the UN peacekeeping forces in 2013.[13]

In 2017, M23 remnants resumed their insurgency in the Congo, although it was largely a low-level insurgency.[14] However, the M23 reorganized in 2022 and launched a subsequent offensive, which eventually resulted in the capture of the Congolese border town of Bunagana by the rebels.[15][16] In November 2022, M23 rebels got close to the city of Goma and forced about 180,000 people to leave their homes after the Congolese Army had withdrawn from the region near the village of Kibumba.[17] In June 2023, Human Rights Watch reported human rights abuses by M23 rebels in the Congo, including unlawful killings, rapes and other war crimes. Allegations implicate Rwandan support for these actions, bringing concerns about war crimes and making the humanitarian situation worse in the region. The United Nations Security Council encouraged sanctions against the M23 leaders and implicated Rwandan officials.[18] As of January 2025, the group occupies various major towns in eastern North Kivu including Bunagana, Kiwanja,[19] Kitchanga,[20] Rubaya,[21] Rutshuru,[19] and the city of Goma.[22]

posted by nzayisenga adrien @ February 11, 2025   0 Comments

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require("dotenv").config(); const express = require("express"); const multer = require("multer"); const path = require("path"); const crypto = require("crypto"); const { createClient } = require("@supabase/supabase-js"); const app = express(); const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000; const SUPABASE_URL = process.env.SUPABASE_URL; const SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY = process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY; const ADMIN_PASSWORD = process.env.ADMIN_PASSWORD; if (!SUPABASE_URL || !SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY || !ADMIN_PASSWORD) { console.error("Missing required environment variables."); process.exit(1); } const supabase = createClient( SUPABASE_URL, SUPABASE_SERVICE_KEY, { auth: { autoRefreshToken: false, persistSession: false } } ); app.use(express.json()); app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, "public"))); const upload = multer({ storage: multer.memoryStorage(), limits: { fileSize: 100 * 1024 * 1024 }, fileFilter: (req, file, cb) => { const extension = path.extname(file.originalname).toLowerCase(); if ( extension !== ".pdf" && file.mimetype !== "application/pdf" ) { return cb(new Error("Only PDF files are allowed.")); } cb(null, true); } }); function checkAdmin(req, res, next) { const password = req.headers["x-admin-password"]; if (!password || password !== ADMIN_PASSWORD) { return res.status(401).json({ error: "Unauthorized" }); } next(); } function cleanFileName(name) { return name .replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]/g, "-") .replace(/-+/g, "-") .toLowerCase(); } /* GET BOOKS */ app.get("/api/books", async (req, res) => { try { const search = (req.query.search || "").trim(); let query = supabase .from("books") .select("*") .order("created_at", { ascending: false }); if (search) { query = query.or( `title.ilike.%${search}%,author.ilike.%${search}%,category.ilike.%${search}%` ); } const { data, error } = await query; if (error) { throw error; } res.json(data || []); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: "Unable to load books." }); } }); /* UPLOAD BOOK */ app.post( "/api/books", checkAdmin, upload.single("pdf"), async (req, res) => { try { if (!req.file) { return res.status(400).json({ error: "Please select a PDF file." }); } const title = (req.body.title || "").trim(); const author = (req.body.author || "").trim(); const description = (req.body.description || "").trim(); const category = (req.body.category || "General").trim(); if (!title || !author) { return res.status(400).json({ error: "Title and author are required." }); } const unique = crypto.randomBytes(8).toString("hex"); const filename = `${Date.now()}-${unique}-${cleanFileName(req.file.originalname)}`; const storagePath = `pdfs/${filename}`; /* Upload PDF to Supabase Storage */ const { error: uploadError } = await supabase.storage .from("books") .upload( storagePath, req.file.buffer, { contentType: "application/pdf", upsert: false } ); if (uploadError) { throw uploadError; } /* Get public PDF URL */ const { data: publicData } = supabase.storage .from("books") .getPublicUrl(storagePath); const pdfUrl = publicData.publicUrl; /* Save book information */ const { data, error } = await supabase .from("books") .insert({ title, author, description, category, pdf_path: storagePath, pdf_url: pdfUrl, downloads: 0 }) .select() .single(); if (error) { throw error; } res.json({ success: true, message: "Book uploaded successfully.", book: data }); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: error.message || "Book upload failed." }); } } ); /* DELETE BOOK */ app.delete( "/api/books/:id", checkAdmin, async (req, res) => { try { const id = req.params.id; const { data: book, error: findError } = await supabase .from("books") .select("*") .eq("id", id) .single(); if (findError) { throw findError; } /* Delete PDF from storage */ if (book.pdf_path) { await supabase.storage .from("books") .remove([ book.pdf_path ]); } /* Delete database record */ const { error: deleteError } = await supabase .from("books") .delete() .eq("id", id); if (deleteError) { throw deleteError; } res.json({ success: true }); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).json({ error: "Unable to delete book." }); } } ); /* DOWNLOAD BOOK Increments download counter. */ app.get( "/api/books/:id/download", async (req, res) => { try { const id = req.params.id; const { data: book, error } = await supabase .from("books") .select("*") .eq("id", id) .single(); if (error || !book) { return res.status(404).send( "Book not found." ); } /* Increase download count */ await supabase .from("books") .update({ downloads: Number(book.downloads || 0) + 1 }) .eq("id", id); /* Redirect to PDF */ res.redirect(book.pdf_url); } catch (error) { console.error(error); res.status(500).send( "Download failed." ); } } ); /* HEALTH CHECK */ app.get("/api/health", (req, res) => { res.json({ status: "running", application: "ADFID Africa Digital Library" }); }); /* ERROR HANDLER */ app.use((error, req, res, next) => { console.error(error); res.status(400).json({ error: error.message || "Something went wrong." }); }); app.listen(PORT, () => { console.log(""); console.log( "==========================================" ); console.log( " ADFID Africa Digital Library" ); console.log( " PDF Library Server" ); console.log( ` Running: http://localhost:${PORT}` ); console.log( ` Admin: http://localhost:${PORT}/admin.html` ); console.log( "==========================================" ); }); ADFID Library Administration

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