Menya inkomoko y'amacakubiri mu Rwanda

Amacakubiri mu Rwanda afite inkomoko mu mateka maremare y'igihugu, ariko by’umwihariko byaje gukara mu gihe cy’ubukoloni. Dore uko byatangiye n'uko byagiye bikura: 

1. Imibereho y'Abanyarwanda mbere y’ubukoloni Ubwoko n'imiryango: 

Abanyarwanda bari bagabanijemo amoko atatu (Abahutu, Abatutsi, n’Abatwa). Iyi myitwarire yari ishingiye ku mibereho, nk’ubuhinzi, ubworozi, cyangwa ububumbyi. Ariko, ibi byari umuco usanzwe kandi abanyarwanda bari babanye neza. Ubwami bwa Karinga: Ubwami bwari bufite umwami umwe, kandi bwitaga ku bumwe bw’igihugu.

Umwami yabaga ari umwami w'abanyarwanda bose hamwe nta vangura. Nubwo habagaho itandukaniro mu mirimo n'inshingano, abantu bahuriraga ku ndangagaciro z'ubunyarwanda ndetse n'ubwubahane. 

2. Ingaruka z’ubukoloni bw’Abadage (1897-1916) Gukoresha ubwoko nk'igikoresho: 

Abadage bashyigikiye ko umwami n’Abatutsi bafite uruhare rukomeye mu buyobozi, kubera ko babafataga nk’abafite "ubwenge n’ubushobozi bwo gutegeka". Ibi byatangiye kwerekana itandukaniro ry’amikoro n’ubuyobozi hagati y’amoko. Kwigisha amateka adahwitse: Abakoloni b’Abadage batangije inyigisho zivuga ko Abatutsi ari "abimukira" baturutse mu misozi ya Etiyopiya, mu gihe Abahutu n’Abatwa bavugwaga nk’aho ari "abasangwabutaka". Ibi byahereyeho byimakaza amacakubiri.

3. Gukomeza amacakubiri n’ubukoloni bw’Ababiligi (1916-1962) :

Ababiligi bazanye uburyo bwo guca abaturage mu byiciro by’ubwoko, babiha intebe y’ubuyobozi. Itangwa ry'ikarita y'ubwenegihugu: Mu 1933, Ababiligi batangije uburyo bwo gushyira Abanyarwanda mu byiciro hakoreshejwe amakarita agaragaza ubwoko (Umuhutu, Umututsi, cyangwa Umutwa). Ibi byashimangiye amacakubiri. Kwitwaza imiyoborere: Ababiligi bashyigikiye cyane Abatutsi mu buyobozi, mu gihe Abahutu benshi basigaranaga inshingano zo guhinga no gukora imirimo ivunanye. Iyi politiki y’imiyoborere yarushijeho gucamo Abanyarwanda ibice. 

4. Politiki n’ivanguramoko mu myaka ya 1950 na 1960 Revolisiyo ya Rubanda (1959-1961): 

Iyo revolisiyo yatangiye gukuraho ingoma ya cyami, ishingiye ku kwigaragambya kw’Abahutu bavugaga ko bakandamijwe. Iyi revolisiyo yateje ubwicanyi n’imvururu, aho Abatutsi benshi bahunze igihugu. Mu 1962, ubwo u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge, haje ubuyobozi bushya bwibasiye cyane Abatutsi, bakomeza gutotezwa no kwirukanwa mu gihugu. 

5. Ibibazo bya politiki nyuma y’ubwigenge (1962-1994) 

Kugendera ku moko muri politiki: Guverinoma zagiye zishinga politiki zubakiye ku macakubiri ashingiye ku moko, aho bamwe babwirwaga ko bakwiye "gukumira" abandi. Ubugizi bwa nabi bwo mu 1973: Mu myaka ya 1970, habayeho iterabwoba ku batutsi ndetse bakorerwaga itotezwa no kwirukanwa mu mashuri no mu kazi. Politiki y'ivangura: Leta zaje gukomeza guheza Abatutsi mu nzego zose z’ubuyobozi, ndetse no gushyiraho gahunda z’irondakarere. 

6. Ihuriro ry’amacakubiri mu 1994 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside  Yakorewe abatutsi: 

Amacakubiri yageze ku ndunduro muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, aho politiki y’amacakubiri yari imaze igihe kinini ishyigikirwa n’ubuyobozi. Iyi jenoside yahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni, kandi igasiga igihugu mu bwumvikane buke bukabije. 

7. Gukemura amacakubiri mu bihe bya nyuma ya Jenoside Yakorewe abatutsi:  :

Nyuma ya Jenoside Yakorewe abatutsi, leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yashyizeho gahunda zo guca amacakubiri, harimo: Gukuraho amakarita agaragaza ubwoko. Gahunda ya Ndi Umunyarwanda: Igamije kongera kubaka ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu banyarwanda bose. Gacaca: Inkiko z’ubwumvikane zakemuraga ibibazo bishingiye ku byaha bya Jenoside. --- Umwanzuro: Inkomoko y’amacakubiri mu Rwanda yatewe cyane n’ivanguramoko ryazanywe n’ubukoloni, rishingiye ku nyungu za politiki z’abakoloni. Nyuma y’ubukoloni, politiki zagiye zisimburana zakomeje guteza imbere ayo macakubiri, biganisha kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Gukomeza gushimangira ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’indangagaciro rusange ni ingenzi mu kurwanya aya mateka mabi. 

Yanditswe na Nzayisenga Adrien